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Market briefZK-2026-0184

Hardware proving consolidates around two designs

The field narrowed faster than expected, which is good for cost and bad for diversity.

SeverityLow

5 minZero-Knowledge Proofs

Most acceleration work now targets one of two architectural approaches. Costs fall accordingly, and so does the number of independent implementations a protocol can fall back on.

For systems whose security argument assumes plural provers, that concentration is worth stating in the threat model rather than assuming away.

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